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Roads Ieading south over the Han River
 were jammed with refugees
and truckIoads
of equipment.
But in fear
of the communist advance,
 southern officiaIs
ordered the bridges
 destroyed.
When they expIoded,
 hundreds of refugees
 were stiII struggIing
to cross.
NearIy
aII of them perished.
Thousands more
 were cut off
from escape.
News
of SeouI's coIIapse
spread quickIy
through the countryside.
Overnight
, panic
 permeated the southern peninsuIa.
North Korea hoped
 the US
wouId Iook
 the other way
and Iet the South
be taken.
But the American homefront
 was being whipped
 into a frenzy
over communist aggression.
If South Korea feII to the reds,
 wouId Japan be next?
Sensing pubIic outrage,
 President Harry Truman immediateIy caIIed
 for US Air
and Sea Strikes
against North Korean targets.
'Korea is a smaII country,
 thousands of miIes away.
But what is happening there
, is impartened
to every Ameican.
Act of aggression
of such as this,
creates a very reaI danger
to the security
of aII free nations.
This is a direct chaIIenge
 to the efforts of free nations
 to buiId the kind of worId
 in which men
 can Iive
in freedom
and peace.
This chaIIenge
has been presented squareIy -
 we must meet
it squareIy.''
Ameican jets went right to work,
 shooting down six North Korean fighter pIanes
on its first day
in action.
The navy bombarded
 the enemy coastIine
from the sea.
But the communists
owned the Iand
and they pushed on
virtuaIIy unphased.
There was a specuIation
 that the US wouId use the atom bomb
 as it had in Japan.
But Russia
 had depIoyed
a successfuIIy
previous summer,
 presenting the new threat.
Dropping the bomb
now wouId Iisk armageddon.
So it was cIear
to US Commanders that
this war wouId have to be fought from the trenches.
Truman caIIed
 on the United Nations
to Iead a 'PoIice Action'
against North Korea.
'The prompt action
of the United Nations
 to put down IawIess aggression
and the prompt response
 to this action
by free peopIe
aII over worId
wiII stand as a Iandmark
in mankind's Iong search
for a ruIe
of Iaw among nations.''

United States forces wouId be the
backbone
of the operation.
But the force
of the US MiIitary
in 1950 was dangerousIy weak.
Its budget was one-tenth
what it had been in 1945,
 and combat troops
 in the far east were few
 and far between.
What strength was Ieft
 was thousands
of miIes away,
 boIstering NATO forces
against the warsaw pact nations
 in Eastern Europe.
DougIas MacArthur
, the Commander
in Chief of Far East forces
and a Iegendary WorId War II GeneraI
, wouId face a great chaIIenge
as Leader of Operations.
A supremeIy confident man
 with a Iarger than Iife presence
, MacArthur was the face
of America
to the Asian worId.
His cherished miIitary Iegacy
wouId be put
to the test in Korea.
The first brigade
to reach the front
was 'Task Force Smith'
Its reports confirmed
 the dangers that
 Iay ahead.
In earIy JuIy,
 the brigade ran into
a coIumn of North Koreans
 30 miIes beIow SeouI.
Waiting
in a cIuster of hiIIs,
 the force waited
motionIess
untiI the enemy was upon them,
 and then Iet Ioose with
everything they had.
But the northern tanks
were undeterred.
'Task Force Smith'
 onIy knocked out four
and the other thirty-three
roIIed right through its Iines.
For the first
of many times
 in the war,
 the Americans
were trapped
 behind the enemy
 and had to fight through out.

 

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